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- WORLD, Page 52SOUTH AFRICABlunting the Spear
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- The African National Congress suspends military operations after
- 29 years, but that doesn't mean peace is at hand
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- The leaders of the African National Congress argued
- vehemently among themselves before reaching their historic
- decision. But in the end, Nelson Mandela, co-founder of the
- movement's military wing Umkonto we Sizwe, or Spear of the
- Nation, overcame the objections of militants, and the A.N.C.
- announced that it would suspend the 29-year-old armed struggle,
- effective immediately.
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- With that announcement, the drive for political change in
- South Africa took on fresh life. Following 15 hours of talks
- last week between delegations led by Mandela and President F.W.
- de Klerk, the Pretoria government agreed to the gradual release
- of as many as 1,500 political prisoners and the return of more
- than 20,000 political exiles. Both sides have now met most of
- the conditions each had demanded before formal negotiations
- over a new constitution could begin. Challenged by militant
- followers who thought Mandela gave away too much for too
- little, A.N.C. officials said they felt compelled to break the
- logjam so that discussions could move on to more important
- issues.
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- But many obstacles still stand in the way of settling on a
- new political system for the country. Mandela will continue to
- press De Klerk to abolish draconian police powers, which the
- A.N.C. has demanded as a condition for constitutional talks.
- The President will continue to resist A.N.C. proposals that he
- give up power in favor of an interim government.
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- However, neither side's concessions will end the violence
- that racks the country. In the latest spasm of unrest last
- week, more than 40 people were killed when rival black groups
- fought in the township of Kagiso and mixed-race rioters clashed
- with police in the coastal city of Port Elizabeth. Some black
- groups, notably the Pan Africanist Congress, say they will not
- abide by the A.N.C.'s cease-fire.
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- But the root of the problem remains Natal province, where
- bloodletting between A.N.C. supporters and the largely Zulu
- following of Chief Mangosuthu Buthelezi has claimed nearly
- 4,000 lives in the past few years. At a joint press conference
- with De Klerk last week, Mandela charged that police violence
- against blacks continues -- especially in Natal, where security
- forces allegedly collaborate with Buthelezi's Inkatha movement
- -- and complained that key elements of the police force may
- simply be outside the President's control. Buthelezi again
- called for a face-to-face meeting with Mandela, a development
- that many believe would cool off the tensions in Natal. A.N.C.
- officials refused to respond publicly but said privately that
- peace talks with the Zulu chief were "not in the cards."
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- The danger is that A.N.C. supporters may ignite even more
- trouble in Natal, where local leaders had argued against
- suspending the armed struggle. That would invite De Klerk to
- charge the A.N.C. with violating the spirit of the Pretoria
- Minute, in which the A.N.C. cease-fire was announced, and
- threaten to put the peace process on hold. As an A.N.C. leader
- conceded last week, "There probably won't be real negotiations
- until the war is over in Natal." But with their compromise in
- Pretoria, both sides have probably gone too far now for either
- to turn back.
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- By Scott MacLeod/Johannesburg.
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